The Basics of Electrical Civil Works and Its Applications

10 February 2022

Electrical hazards are a cause of death and serious injury on construction sites. This industry standard provides to employers, designers, manufacturers, importers, suppliers (including hirers), electrical contractors and electricians on eliminating or reducing the risk of electrocution and electric shock to any person.

There are many civil engineering aspects involved in electrical engineering projects. Like a foundation for large DG sets, substations, cross country overhead transmission lines, the foundation for transformers, trenches and ducts for cables ( power, navigation, communication networking) mostly in airports and shipyards. Civil engineering is closely associated with electrical engineering. It doesn’t need intricate design or complicated calculations.

Civil engineering in this industry standard means the construction, renovation and demolition of all types of buildings, and structures. It includes residential buildings and any related excavation work.

Electrification

The purpose of the electrical system in the building is to distribute the power safely to all of the different rooms and appliances. The electrician at first places all of the boxes for electrical outlets, lights and switches.

Defects in Electrical Circuits

Open Circuit Fault: The current flows in a closed circuit. Therefore, continuity must be present. Whenever there is a break in the circuit, the current does not flow. This is called open circuit fault. This fault is caused due to burnt-out elements, broken wire, loose/open connection, a corroded or rusted point.

Short Circuit: It is a condition in which the supply is connected to live and neutral wire without a load. In such a situation, the fuse blows out. It is caused due to insulation failure and loose connection.

Electrical Shock

The human body is a conductor, when the live wire touches the body, the current flows through the body, and the muscular functions of the body are paralysed. When the body is dry, its resistance is more hence less current for the same voltage and less shock. Similarly, when the body is wet, its resistance is less. So, more current for the same voltage and more shock.

In an A-C supply system, the earthing of electrical equipment is necessary to avoid shocks and earth leakage for the safety of human beings and fires. In our present system, though there is the provision of earthing, sufficient care is not taken to maintain a proper earthing and to connect all electrical gadgets to an earth wire. In most cases, the earth wire is ignored.

G.l Pipe or plate electrode is used. Where soil conditions are corrosive, copper pipe or copper plate electrode is used for earthing. The location of the earth pit should be such that the soil has a reasonable chance of remaining moist. Entrances, pavements and roadways are avoided for locating earth pits.

Dry earth has more resistance, while moist soil has less resistance. Charcoal and salt decrease the resistance of the earth, which is why they are filled in an earth pit.

Fittings

Regarding fittings, plugs, sockets, switches, the quality of these products plays an important role. Invariably small sparks start from these fittings due to poor quality and workmanship, and even though the sparks are of small intensity they are liable to ignite inflammable materials in the vicinity.

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